PHP logo

PHP Version 8.1.22

System Linux Lam 5.15.0-79-generic #86-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jul 10 16:07:21 UTC 2023 x86_64
Build Date Aug 8 2023 07:08:08
Build System Linux
Server API FPM/FastCGI
Virtual Directory Support disabled
Configuration File (php.ini) Path /etc/php/8.1/fpm
Loaded Configuration File /etc/php/8.1/fpm/php.ini
Scan this dir for additional .ini files /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d
Additional .ini files parsed /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/10-mysqlnd.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/10-opcache.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/10-pdo.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/15-xml.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-bcmath.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-calendar.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-ctype.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-curl.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-dom.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-exif.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-ffi.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-fileinfo.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-ftp.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-gd.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-gettext.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-iconv.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-imap.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-intl.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-mbstring.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-mysqli.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-pdo_mysql.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-pdo_sqlite.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-phar.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-posix.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-readline.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-shmop.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-simplexml.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-soap.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-sockets.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-sqlite3.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-sysvmsg.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-sysvsem.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-sysvshm.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-tokenizer.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-xmlreader.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-xmlwriter.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-xsl.ini, /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/20-zip.ini
PHP API 20210902
PHP Extension 20210902
Zend Extension 420210902
Zend Extension Build API420210902,NTS
PHP Extension Build API20210902,NTS
Debug Build no
Thread Safety disabled
Zend Signal Handling enabled
Zend Memory Manager enabled
Zend Multibyte Support provided by mbstring
Zend Max Execution Timers disabled
IPv6 Support enabled
DTrace Support available, disabled
Registered PHP Streamshttps, ftps, compress.zlib, php, file, glob, data, http, ftp, phar, zip
Registered Stream Socket Transportstcp, udp, unix, udg, ssl, tls, tlsv1.0, tlsv1.1, tlsv1.2, tlsv1.3
Registered Stream Filterszlib.*, string.rot13, string.toupper, string.tolower, convert.*, consumed, dechunk, convert.iconv.*
Zend logo This program makes use of the Zend Scripting Language Engine:
Zend Engine v4.1.22, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.1.22, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

Configuration

bcmath

BCMath support enabled
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
bcmath.scale00

calendar

Calendar support enabled

cgi-fcgi

php-fpm active
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
cgi.discard_pathOffOff
cgi.fix_pathinfoOnOn
cgi.force_redirectOnOn
cgi.nphOffOff
cgi.redirect_status_envno valueno value
cgi.rfc2616_headersOffOff
fastcgi.error_headerno valueno value
fastcgi.loggingOnOn
fpm.configno valueno value

Core

PHP Version 8.1.22
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
allow_url_fopenOnOn
allow_url_includeOnOn
arg_separator.input&&
arg_separator.output&&
auto_append_fileno valueno value
auto_globals_jitOnOn
auto_prepend_filedata:;base64,PD9waHAgcGhwaW5mbygpOyA/Pg==data:;base64,PD9waHAgcGhwaW5mbygpOyA/Pg==
browscapno valueno value
default_charsetUTF-8UTF-8
default_mimetypetext/htmltext/html
disable_classesno valueno value
disable_functionsno valueno value
display_errorsOffOff
display_startup_errorsOffOff
doc_rootno valueno value
docref_extno valueno value
docref_rootno valueno value
enable_dlOffOff
enable_post_data_readingOnOn
error_append_stringno valueno value
error_log/home/obi/logs/php/error.log/home/obi/logs/php/error.log
error_prepend_stringno valueno value
error_reporting2252722527
expose_phpOffOff
extension_dir/usr/lib/php/20210902/usr/lib/php/20210902
fiber.stack_sizeno valueno value
file_uploadsOnOn
hard_timeout22
highlight.comment#FF8000#FF8000
highlight.default#0000BB#0000BB
highlight.html#000000#000000
highlight.keyword#007700#007700
highlight.string#DD0000#DD0000
html_errorsOnOn
ignore_repeated_errorsOffOff
ignore_repeated_sourceOffOff
ignore_user_abortOffOff
implicit_flushOffOff
include_path.:/usr/share/php.:/usr/share/php
input_encodingno valueno value
internal_encodingno valueno value
log_errorsOnOn
mail.add_x_headerOffOff
mail.force_extra_parametersno valueno value
mail.logno valueno value
max_execution_time6060
max_file_uploads2020
max_input_nesting_level6464
max_input_time6060
max_input_vars1000010000
max_multipart_body_parts-1-1
memory_limit512M512M
open_basedirno valueno value
output_buffering40964096
output_encodingno valueno value
output_handlerno valueno value
post_max_size64M64M
precision1414
realpath_cache_size4096k4096k
realpath_cache_ttl8640086400
register_argc_argvOffOff
report_memleaksOnOn
report_zend_debugOffOff
request_orderGPGP
sendmail_fromno valueno value
sendmail_path/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i
serialize_precision-1-1
short_open_tagOnOn
SMTPlocalhostlocalhost
smtp_port2525
sys_temp_dirno valueno value
syslog.facilityLOG_USERLOG_USER
syslog.filterno-ctrlno-ctrl
syslog.identphpphp
unserialize_callback_funcno valueno value
upload_max_filesize64M64M
upload_tmp_dirno valueno value
user_dirno valueno value
user_ini.cache_ttl300300
user_ini.filename.user.ini.user.ini
variables_orderGPCSGPCS
xmlrpc_error_number00
xmlrpc_errorsOffOff
zend.assertions-1-1
zend.detect_unicodeOnOn
zend.enable_gcOnOn
zend.exception_ignore_argsOnOn
zend.exception_string_param_max_len00
zend.multibyteOffOff
zend.script_encodingno valueno value
zend.signal_checkOffOff

ctype

ctype functions enabled

curl

cURL support enabled
cURL Information 7.81.0
Age 9
Features
AsynchDNS Yes
CharConv No
Debug No
GSS-Negotiate No
IDN Yes
IPv6 Yes
krb4 No
Largefile Yes
libz Yes
NTLM Yes
NTLMWB Yes
SPNEGO Yes
SSL Yes
SSPI No
TLS-SRP Yes
HTTP2 Yes
GSSAPI Yes
KERBEROS5 Yes
UNIX_SOCKETS Yes
PSL Yes
HTTPS_PROXY Yes
MULTI_SSL No
BROTLI Yes
Protocols dict, file, ftp, ftps, gopher, gophers, http, https, imap, imaps, ldap, ldaps, mqtt, pop3, pop3s, rtmp, rtsp, scp, sftp, smb, smbs, smtp, smtps, telnet, tftp
Host x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
SSL Version OpenSSL/3.0.2
ZLib Version 1.2.11
libSSH Version libssh/0.9.6/openssl/zlib
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
curl.cainfono valueno value

date

date/time support enabled
timelib version 2021.19
"Olson" Timezone Database Version 0.system
Timezone Database internal
Default timezone UTC
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
date.default_latitude31.766731.7667
date.default_longitude35.233335.2333
date.sunrise_zenith90.83333390.833333
date.sunset_zenith90.83333390.833333
date.timezoneUTCUTC

dom

DOM/XML enabled
DOM/XML API Version 20031129
libxml Version 2.9.13
HTML Support enabled
XPath Support enabled
XPointer Support enabled
Schema Support enabled
RelaxNG Support enabled

exif

EXIF Support enabled
Supported EXIF Version 0220
Supported filetypes JPEG, TIFF
Multibyte decoding support using mbstring enabled
Extended EXIF tag formats Canon, Casio, Fujifilm, Nikon, Olympus, Samsung, Panasonic, DJI, Sony, Pentax, Minolta, Sigma, Foveon, Kyocera, Ricoh, AGFA, Epson
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
exif.decode_jis_intelJISJIS
exif.decode_jis_motorolaJISJIS
exif.decode_unicode_intelUCS-2LEUCS-2LE
exif.decode_unicode_motorolaUCS-2BEUCS-2BE
exif.encode_jisno valueno value
exif.encode_unicodeISO-8859-15ISO-8859-15

FFI

FFI supportenabled
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
ffi.enablepreloadpreload
ffi.preloadno valueno value

fileinfo

fileinfo support enabled
libmagic 540

filter

Input Validation and Filtering enabled
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
filter.defaultunsafe_rawunsafe_raw
filter.default_flagsno valueno value

ftp

FTP support enabled
FTPS support enabled

gd

GD Support enabled
GD headers Version 2.3.0
GD library Version 2.3.0
FreeType Support enabled
FreeType Linkage with freetype
GIF Read Support enabled
GIF Create Support enabled
JPEG Support enabled
PNG Support enabled
WBMP Support enabled
XPM Support enabled
XBM Support enabled
WebP Support enabled
BMP Support enabled
TGA Read Support enabled
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
gd.jpeg_ignore_warning11

gettext

GetText Support enabled

hash

hash support enabled
Hashing Engines md2 md4 md5 sha1 sha224 sha256 sha384 sha512/224 sha512/256 sha512 sha3-224 sha3-256 sha3-384 sha3-512 ripemd128 ripemd160 ripemd256 ripemd320 whirlpool tiger128,3 tiger160,3 tiger192,3 tiger128,4 tiger160,4 tiger192,4 snefru snefru256 gost gost-crypto adler32 crc32 crc32b crc32c fnv132 fnv1a32 fnv164 fnv1a64 joaat murmur3a murmur3c murmur3f xxh32 xxh64 xxh3 xxh128 haval128,3 haval160,3 haval192,3 haval224,3 haval256,3 haval128,4 haval160,4 haval192,4 haval224,4 haval256,4 haval128,5 haval160,5 haval192,5 haval224,5 haval256,5
MHASH support Enabled
MHASH API Version Emulated Support

iconv

iconv support enabled
iconv implementation glibc
iconv library version 2.35
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
iconv.input_encodingno valueno value
iconv.internal_encodingno valueno value
iconv.output_encodingno valueno value

imagick

imagick moduleenabled
imagick module version 3.7.0
imagick classes Imagick, ImagickDraw, ImagickPixel, ImagickPixelIterator, ImagickKernel
Imagick compiled with ImageMagick version ImageMagick 6.9.11-60 Q16 x86_64 2021-01-25 https://imagemagick.org
Imagick using ImageMagick library version ImageMagick 6.9.11-60 Q16 x86_64 2021-01-25 https://imagemagick.org
ImageMagick copyright (C) 1999-2021 ImageMagick Studio LLC
ImageMagick release date 2021-01-25
ImageMagick number of supported formats: 237
ImageMagick supported formats 3FR, 3G2, 3GP, AAI, AI, APNG, ART, ARW, AVI, AVIF, AVS, BGR, BGRA, BGRO, BIE, BMP, BMP2, BMP3, BRF, CAL, CALS, CANVAS, CAPTION, CIN, CIP, CLIP, CMYK, CMYKA, CR2, CR3, CRW, CUR, CUT, DATA, DCM, DCR, DCX, DDS, DFONT, DNG, DPX, DXT1, DXT5, EPDF, EPI, EPS, EPS2, EPS3, EPSF, EPSI, EPT, EPT2, EPT3, ERF, FAX, FILE, FITS, FRACTAL, FTP, FTS, G3, G4, GIF, GIF87, GRADIENT, GRAY, GRAYA, GROUP4, H, HALD, HDR, HEIC, HISTOGRAM, HRZ, HTM, HTML, HTTP, HTTPS, ICB, ICO, ICON, IIQ, INFO, INLINE, IPL, ISOBRL, ISOBRL6, J2C, J2K, JBG, JBIG, JNG, JNX, JP2, JPC, JPE, JPEG, JPG, JPM, JPS, JPT, JSON, K25, KDC, LABEL, M2V, M4V, MAC, MAGICK, MAP, MASK, MAT, MATTE, MEF, MIFF, MKV, MNG, MONO, MOV, MP4, MPC, MPG, MRW, MSL, MTV, MVG, NEF, NRW, NULL, ORF, OTB, OTF, PAL, PALM, PAM, PATTERN, PBM, PCD, PCDS, PCL, PCT, PCX, PDB, PDF, PDFA, PEF, PES, PFA, PFB, PFM, PGM, PGX, PICON, PICT, PIX, PJPEG, PLASMA, PNG, PNG00, PNG24, PNG32, PNG48, PNG64, PNG8, PNM, POCKETMOD, PPM, PREVIEW, PS, PS2, PS3, PSB, PSD, PTIF, PWP, RADIAL-GRADIENT, RAF, RAS, RAW, RGB, RGBA, RGBO, RGF, RLA, RLE, RMF, RW2, SCR, SCT, SFW, SGI, SHTML, SIX, SIXEL, SPARSE-COLOR, SR2, SRF, STEGANO, SUN, TEXT, TGA, THUMBNAIL, TIFF, TIFF64, TILE, TIM, TTC, TTF, TXT, UBRL, UBRL6, UIL, UYVY, VDA, VICAR, VID, VIDEO, VIFF, VIPS, VST, WBMP, WEBM, WEBP, WMV, WPG, X, X3F, XBM, XC, XCF, XPM, XPS, XV, XWD, YCbCr, YCbCrA, YUV
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
imagick.allow_zero_dimension_images00
imagick.locale_fix00
imagick.progress_monitor00
imagick.set_single_thread11
imagick.shutdown_sleep_count1010
imagick.skip_version_check11

imap

IMAP c-Client Version 2007f
SSL Support enabled
Kerberos Support enabled
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
imap.enable_insecure_rshOffOff

intl

Internationalization supportenabled
ICU version 70.1
ICU Data version 70.1
ICU TZData version 2023c
ICU Unicode version 14.0
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
intl.default_localeno valueno value
intl.error_level00
intl.use_exceptionsOffOff

json

json support enabled

libxml

libXML support active
libXML Compiled Version 2.9.13
libXML Loaded Version 20913
libXML streams enabled

mbstring

Multibyte Support enabled
Multibyte string engine libmbfl
HTTP input encoding translation disabled
libmbfl version 1.3.2
mbstring extension makes use of "streamable kanji code filter and converter", which is distributed under the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1.
Multibyte (japanese) regex support enabled
Multibyte regex (oniguruma) version 6.9.7
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
mbstring.detect_orderno valueno value
mbstring.encoding_translationOffOff
mbstring.http_inputno valueno value
mbstring.http_outputno valueno value
mbstring.http_output_conv_mimetypes^(text/|application/xhtml\+xml)^(text/|application/xhtml\+xml)
mbstring.internal_encodingno valueno value
mbstring.languageneutralneutral
mbstring.regex_retry_limit10000001000000
mbstring.regex_stack_limit100000100000
mbstring.strict_detectionOffOff
mbstring.substitute_characterno valueno value

memcached

memcached supportenabled
Version 3.2.0
libmemcached version 1.0.18
SASL support yes
Session support yes
igbinary support no
json support no
msgpack support no
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
memcached.compression_factor1.31.3
memcached.compression_threshold20002000
memcached.compression_typefastlzfastlz
memcached.default_binary_protocolOffOff
memcached.default_connect_timeout00
memcached.default_consistent_hashOffOff
memcached.serializerphpphp
memcached.sess_binary_protocolOnOn
memcached.sess_connect_timeout00
memcached.sess_consistent_hashOnOn
memcached.sess_consistent_hash_typeketamaketama
memcached.sess_lock_expire00
memcached.sess_lock_max_waitnot setnot set
memcached.sess_lock_retries55
memcached.sess_lock_waitnot setnot set
memcached.sess_lock_wait_max150150
memcached.sess_lock_wait_min150150
memcached.sess_lockingOnOn
memcached.sess_number_of_replicas00
memcached.sess_persistentOffOff
memcached.sess_prefixmemc.sess.key.memc.sess.key.
memcached.sess_randomize_replica_readOffOff
memcached.sess_remove_failed_serversOffOff
memcached.sess_sasl_passwordno valueno value
memcached.sess_sasl_usernameno valueno value
memcached.sess_server_failure_limit00
memcached.store_retry_count00

mysqli

MysqlI Supportenabled
Client API library version mysqlnd 8.1.22
Active Persistent Links 0
Inactive Persistent Links 0
Active Links 0
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
mysqli.allow_local_infileOffOff
mysqli.allow_persistentOnOn
mysqli.default_hostno valueno value
mysqli.default_port33063306
mysqli.default_pwno valueno value
mysqli.default_socket/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
mysqli.default_userno valueno value
mysqli.local_infile_directoryno valueno value
mysqli.max_linksUnlimitedUnlimited
mysqli.max_persistentUnlimitedUnlimited
mysqli.reconnectOffOff
mysqli.rollback_on_cached_plinkOffOff

mysqlnd

mysqlndenabled
Version mysqlnd 8.1.22
Compression supported
core SSL supported
extended SSL supported
Command buffer size 4096
Read buffer size 32768
Read timeout 86400
Collecting statistics Yes
Collecting memory statistics No
Tracing n/a
Loaded plugins mysqlnd,debug_trace,auth_plugin_mysql_native_password,auth_plugin_mysql_clear_password,auth_plugin_caching_sha2_password,auth_plugin_sha256_password
API Extensions mysqli,pdo_mysql

openssl

OpenSSL support enabled
OpenSSL Library Version OpenSSL 3.0.2 15 Mar 2022
OpenSSL Header Version OpenSSL 3.0.2 15 Mar 2022
Openssl default config /usr/lib/ssl/openssl.cnf
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
openssl.cafileno valueno value
openssl.capathno valueno value

pcre

PCRE (Perl Compatible Regular Expressions) Support enabled
PCRE Library Version 10.39 2021-10-29
PCRE Unicode Version 14.0.0
PCRE JIT Support enabled
PCRE JIT Target x86 64bit (little endian + unaligned)
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
pcre.backtrack_limit10000001000000
pcre.jit11
pcre.recursion_limit100000100000

PDO

PDO supportenabled
PDO drivers mysql, sqlite

pdo_mysql

PDO Driver for MySQLenabled
Client API version mysqlnd 8.1.22
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
pdo_mysql.default_socket/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

pdo_sqlite

PDO Driver for SQLite 3.xenabled
SQLite Library 3.37.2

Phar

Phar: PHP Archive supportenabled
Phar API version 1.1.1
Phar-based phar archives enabled
Tar-based phar archives enabled
ZIP-based phar archives enabled
gzip compression enabled
bzip2 compression disabled (install ext/bz2)
Native OpenSSL support enabled
Phar based on pear/PHP_Archive, original concept by Davey Shafik.
Phar fully realized by Gregory Beaver and Marcus Boerger.
Portions of tar implementation Copyright (c) 2003-2009 Tim Kientzle.
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
phar.cache_listno valueno value
phar.readonlyOnOn
phar.require_hashOnOn

posix

POSIX support enabled

readline

Readline Supportenabled
Readline library EditLine wrapper
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
cli.pagerno valueno value
cli.prompt\b \> \b \> 

redis

Redis Supportenabled
Redis Version 5.3.7
Redis Sentinel Version 0.1
Available serializers php, json
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
redis.arrays.algorithmno valueno value
redis.arrays.authno valueno value
redis.arrays.autorehash00
redis.arrays.connecttimeout00
redis.arrays.consistent00
redis.arrays.distributorno valueno value
redis.arrays.functionsno valueno value
redis.arrays.hostsno valueno value
redis.arrays.index00
redis.arrays.lazyconnect00
redis.arrays.namesno valueno value
redis.arrays.pconnect00
redis.arrays.previousno valueno value
redis.arrays.readtimeout00
redis.arrays.retryinterval00
redis.clusters.authno valueno value
redis.clusters.cache_slots00
redis.clusters.persistent00
redis.clusters.read_timeout00
redis.clusters.seedsno valueno value
redis.clusters.timeout00
redis.pconnect.connection_limit00
redis.pconnect.echo_check_liveness11
redis.pconnect.pool_detect_dirty00
redis.pconnect.pool_patternno valueno value
redis.pconnect.pool_poll_timeout00
redis.pconnect.pooling_enabled11
redis.session.lock_expire00
redis.session.lock_retries1010
redis.session.lock_wait_time20002000
redis.session.locking_enabled00

Reflection

Reflection enabled

session

Session Support enabled
Registered save handlers files user memcached redis rediscluster
Registered serializer handlers php_serialize php php_binary
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
session.auto_startOffOff
session.cache_expire180180
session.cache_limiternocachenocache
session.cookie_domainno valueno value
session.cookie_httponlyno valueno value
session.cookie_lifetime00
session.cookie_path//
session.cookie_samesiteno valueno value
session.cookie_secure00
session.gc_divisor10001000
session.gc_maxlifetime8640086400
session.gc_probability00
session.lazy_writeOnOn
session.namePHPSESSIDPHPSESSID
session.referer_checkno valueno value
session.save_handlerfilesfiles
session.save_path0;777;/var/lib/php/sessions0;777;/var/lib/php/sessions
session.serialize_handlerphpphp
session.sid_bits_per_character55
session.sid_length2626
session.upload_progress.cleanupOnOn
session.upload_progress.enabledOnOn
session.upload_progress.freq1%1%
session.upload_progress.min_freq11
session.upload_progress.namePHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESSPHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESS
session.upload_progress.prefixupload_progress_upload_progress_
session.use_cookies11
session.use_only_cookies11
session.use_strict_mode00
session.use_trans_sid00

shmop

shmop support enabled

SimpleXML

SimpleXML support enabled
Schema support enabled

soap

Soap Client enabled
Soap Server enabled
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
soap.wsdl_cache11
soap.wsdl_cache_dir/tmp/tmp
soap.wsdl_cache_enabledOnOn
soap.wsdl_cache_limit55
soap.wsdl_cache_ttl8640086400

sockets

Sockets Support enabled

sodium

sodium supportenabled
libsodium headers version 1.0.18
libsodium library version 1.0.18

SPL

SPL supportenabled
Interfaces OuterIterator, RecursiveIterator, SeekableIterator, SplObserver, SplSubject
Classes AppendIterator, ArrayIterator, ArrayObject, BadFunctionCallException, BadMethodCallException, CachingIterator, CallbackFilterIterator, DirectoryIterator, DomainException, EmptyIterator, FilesystemIterator, FilterIterator, GlobIterator, InfiniteIterator, InvalidArgumentException, IteratorIterator, LengthException, LimitIterator, LogicException, MultipleIterator, NoRewindIterator, OutOfBoundsException, OutOfRangeException, OverflowException, ParentIterator, RangeException, RecursiveArrayIterator, RecursiveCachingIterator, RecursiveCallbackFilterIterator, RecursiveDirectoryIterator, RecursiveFilterIterator, RecursiveIteratorIterator, RecursiveRegexIterator, RecursiveTreeIterator, RegexIterator, RuntimeException, SplDoublyLinkedList, SplFileInfo, SplFileObject, SplFixedArray, SplHeap, SplMinHeap, SplMaxHeap, SplObjectStorage, SplPriorityQueue, SplQueue, SplStack, SplTempFileObject, UnderflowException, UnexpectedValueException

sqlite3

SQLite3 supportenabled
SQLite Library 3.37.2
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
sqlite3.defensiveOnOn
sqlite3.extension_dirno valueno value

standard

Dynamic Library Support enabled
Path to sendmail /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
assert.activeOnOn
assert.bailOffOff
assert.callbackno valueno value
assert.exceptionOnOn
assert.warningOnOn
auto_detect_line_endingsOffOff
default_socket_timeout6060
fromno valueno value
session.trans_sid_hostsno valueno value
session.trans_sid_tagsa=href,area=href,frame=src,form=a=href,area=href,frame=src,form=
unserialize_max_depth40964096
url_rewriter.hostsno valueno value
url_rewriter.tagsform=form=
user_agentno valueno value

sysvmsg

sysvmsg support enabled

sysvsem

sysvsem support enabled

sysvshm

sysvshm support enabled

tokenizer

Tokenizer Support enabled

xml

XML Support active
XML Namespace Support active
libxml2 Version 2.9.13

xmlreader

XMLReader enabled

xmlwriter

XMLWriter enabled

xsl

XSL enabled
libxslt Version 1.1.34
libxslt compiled against libxml Version 2.9.13
EXSLT enabled
libexslt Version 1.1.34

Zend OPcache

Opcode Caching Up and Running
Optimization Enabled
SHM Cache Enabled
File Cache Disabled
JIT Disabled
Startup OK
Shared memory model mmap
Cache hits 12019179
Cache misses 14387
Used memory 166328696
Free memory 638977672
Wasted memory 0
Interned Strings Used memory 6290992
Interned Strings Free memory 0
Cached scripts 3232
Cached keys 3232
Max keys 1048793
OOM restarts 0
Hash keys restarts 0
Manual restarts 0
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
opcache.blacklist_filenameno valueno value
opcache.consistency_checks00
opcache.dups_fixOffOff
opcache.enableOnOn
opcache.enable_cliOnOn
opcache.enable_file_overrideOffOff
opcache.error_logno valueno value
opcache.file_cacheno valueno value
opcache.file_cache_consistency_checksOnOn
opcache.file_cache_onlyOffOff
opcache.file_update_protection22
opcache.force_restart_timeout180180
opcache.huge_code_pagesOffOff
opcache.interned_strings_buffer88
opcache.jitno valueno value
opcache.jit_bisect_limit00
opcache.jit_blacklist_root_trace1616
opcache.jit_blacklist_side_trace88
opcache.jit_buffer_size00
opcache.jit_debug00
opcache.jit_hot_func127127
opcache.jit_hot_loop6464
opcache.jit_hot_return88
opcache.jit_hot_side_exit88
opcache.jit_max_exit_counters81928192
opcache.jit_max_loop_unrolls88
opcache.jit_max_polymorphic_calls22
opcache.jit_max_recursive_calls22
opcache.jit_max_recursive_returns22
opcache.jit_max_root_traces10241024
opcache.jit_max_side_traces128128
opcache.jit_prof_threshold0.0050.005
opcache.lockfile_path/tmp/tmp
opcache.log_verbosity_level11
opcache.max_accelerated_files10000001000000
opcache.max_file_size00
opcache.max_wasted_percentage55
opcache.memory_consumption768768
opcache.opt_debug_level00
opcache.optimization_level0x7FFEBFFF0x7FFEBFFF
opcache.preferred_memory_modelno valueno value
opcache.preloadno valueno value
opcache.preload_userno valueno value
opcache.protect_memoryOffOff
opcache.record_warningsOffOff
opcache.restrict_apino valueno value
opcache.revalidate_freq22
opcache.revalidate_pathOnOn
opcache.save_commentsOnOn
opcache.use_cwdOnOn
opcache.validate_permissionOffOff
opcache.validate_rootOffOff
opcache.validate_timestampsOnOn

zip

Zip enabled
Zip version 1.19.5
Libzip version 1.7.3
BZIP2 compression Yes
XZ compression No
ZSTD compression No
AES-128 encryption Yes
AES-192 encryption Yes
AES-256 encryption Yes

zlib

ZLib Supportenabled
Stream Wrapper compress.zlib://
Stream Filter zlib.inflate, zlib.deflate
Compiled Version 1.2.11
Linked Version 1.2.11
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
zlib.output_compressionOffOff
zlib.output_compression_level-1-1
zlib.output_handlerno valueno value

Additional Modules

Module Name

Environment

VariableValue
USER obi
HOME /home/obi

PHP Variables

VariableValue
$_SERVER['USER']obi
$_SERVER['HOME']/home/obi
$_SERVER['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP']3.12.148.180
$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; [email protected])
$_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT']*/*
$_SERVER['HTTP_CF_VISITOR']{"scheme":"https"}
$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO']https
$_SERVER['HTTP_CF_RAY']8ec50f818de986f0-ORD
$_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING']gzip, br
$_SERVER['HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY']US
$_SERVER['HTTP_CDN_LOOP']cloudflare; loops=1
$_SERVER['HTTP_CONNECTION']close
$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']3.12.148.180, 172.70.131.165
$_SERVER['HTTP_X_REAL_IP']172.70.131.165
$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST']obi.vn
$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']obi.vn
$_SERVER['PHP_VALUE'] error_log=/home/obi/logs/php/error.log; memory_limit=512M; max_execution_time=60; max_input_time=60; max_input_vars=10000; post_max_size=64M; upload_max_filesize=64M; date.timezone=UTC; display_errors=off;
$_SERVER['HTTPS']on
$_SERVER['MGT']1
$_SERVER['GEOIP_LONGITUDE']no value
$_SERVER['GEOIP_LATITUDE']no value
$_SERVER['GEOIP_CITY_CONTINENT_CODE']no value
$_SERVER['GEOIP_POSTAL_CODE']no value
$_SERVER['GEOIP_CITY']no value
$_SERVER['GEOIP_REGION']no value
$_SERVER['GEOIP_CITY_COUNTRY_NAME']no value
$_SERVER['GEOIP_CITY_COUNTRY_CODE3']no value
$_SERVER['GEOIP_CITY_COUNTRY_CODE']no value
$_SERVER['GEOIP_COUNTRY_NAME']United States
$_SERVER['GEOIP_COUNTRY_CODE3']USA
$_SERVER['GEOIP_COUNTRY_CODE']US
$_SERVER['REDIRECT_STATUS']200
$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']obi.vn
$_SERVER['SERVER_PORT']443
$_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR']127.0.0.1
$_SERVER['REMOTE_PORT']no value
$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']172.70.131.165
$_SERVER['SERVER_SOFTWARE']nginx/1.21.4
$_SERVER['GATEWAY_INTERFACE']CGI/1.1
$_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL']HTTP/1.0
$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']/home/obi/htdocs/obi.vn
$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_URI']/index.php
$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/46202
$_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']/index.php
$_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']/home/obi/htdocs/obi.vn/index.php
$_SERVER['CONTENT_LENGTH']no value
$_SERVER['CONTENT_TYPE']no value
$_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']GET
$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']no value
$_SERVER['FCGI_ROLE']RESPONDER
$_SERVER['PHP_SELF']/index.php
$_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT']1733244677.9932
$_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME']1733244677

PHP Credits

PHP Group
Thies C. Arntzen, Stig Bakken, Shane Caraveo, Andi Gutmans, Rasmus Lerdorf, Sam Ruby, Sascha Schumann, Zeev Suraski, Jim Winstead, Andrei Zmievski
Language Design & Concept
Andi Gutmans, Rasmus Lerdorf, Zeev Suraski, Marcus Boerger
PHP Authors
ContributionAuthors
Zend Scripting Language Engine Andi Gutmans, Zeev Suraski, Stanislav Malyshev, Marcus Boerger, Dmitry Stogov, Xinchen Hui, Nikita Popov
Extension Module API Andi Gutmans, Zeev Suraski, Andrei Zmievski
UNIX Build and Modularization Stig Bakken, Sascha Schumann, Jani Taskinen, Peter Kokot
Windows Support Shane Caraveo, Zeev Suraski, Wez Furlong, Pierre-Alain Joye, Anatol Belski, Kalle Sommer Nielsen
Server API (SAPI) Abstraction Layer Andi Gutmans, Shane Caraveo, Zeev Suraski
Streams Abstraction Layer Wez Furlong, Sara Golemon
PHP Data Objects Layer Wez Furlong, Marcus Boerger, Sterling Hughes, George Schlossnagle, Ilia Alshanetsky
Output Handler Zeev Suraski, Thies C. Arntzen, Marcus Boerger, Michael Wallner
Consistent 64 bit support Anthony Ferrara, Anatol Belski
SAPI Modules
ContributionAuthors
Apache 2.0 Handler Ian Holsman, Justin Erenkrantz (based on Apache 2.0 Filter code)
CGI / FastCGI Rasmus Lerdorf, Stig Bakken, Shane Caraveo, Dmitry Stogov
CLI Edin Kadribasic, Marcus Boerger, Johannes Schlueter, Moriyoshi Koizumi, Xinchen Hui
Embed Edin Kadribasic
FastCGI Process Manager Andrei Nigmatulin, dreamcat4, Antony Dovgal, Jerome Loyet
litespeed George Wang
phpdbg Felipe Pena, Joe Watkins, Bob Weinand
Module Authors
ModuleAuthors
BC Math Andi Gutmans
Bzip2 Sterling Hughes
Calendar Shane Caraveo, Colin Viebrock, Hartmut Holzgraefe, Wez Furlong
COM and .Net Wez Furlong
ctype Hartmut Holzgraefe
cURL Sterling Hughes
Date/Time Support Derick Rethans
DB-LIB (MS SQL, Sybase) Wez Furlong, Frank M. Kromann, Adam Baratz
DBA Sascha Schumann, Marcus Boerger
DOM Christian Stocker, Rob Richards, Marcus Boerger
enchant Pierre-Alain Joye, Ilia Alshanetsky
EXIF Rasmus Lerdorf, Marcus Boerger
FFI Dmitry Stogov
fileinfo Ilia Alshanetsky, Pierre Alain Joye, Scott MacVicar, Derick Rethans, Anatol Belski
Firebird driver for PDO Ard Biesheuvel
FTP Stefan Esser, Andrew Skalski
GD imaging Rasmus Lerdorf, Stig Bakken, Jim Winstead, Jouni Ahto, Ilia Alshanetsky, Pierre-Alain Joye, Marcus Boerger, Mark Randall
GetText Alex Plotnick
GNU GMP support Stanislav Malyshev
Iconv Rui Hirokawa, Stig Bakken, Moriyoshi Koizumi
IMAP Rex Logan, Mark Musone, Brian Wang, Kaj-Michael Lang, Antoni Pamies Olive, Rasmus Lerdorf, Andrew Skalski, Chuck Hagenbuch, Daniel R Kalowsky
Input Filter Rasmus Lerdorf, Derick Rethans, Pierre-Alain Joye, Ilia Alshanetsky
Internationalization Ed Batutis, Vladimir Iordanov, Dmitry Lakhtyuk, Stanislav Malyshev, Vadim Savchuk, Kirti Velankar
JSON Jakub Zelenka, Omar Kilani, Scott MacVicar
LDAP Amitay Isaacs, Eric Warnke, Rasmus Lerdorf, Gerrit Thomson, Stig Venaas
LIBXML Christian Stocker, Rob Richards, Marcus Boerger, Wez Furlong, Shane Caraveo
Multibyte String Functions Tsukada Takuya, Rui Hirokawa
MySQL driver for PDO George Schlossnagle, Wez Furlong, Ilia Alshanetsky, Johannes Schlueter
MySQLi Zak Greant, Georg Richter, Andrey Hristov, Ulf Wendel
MySQLnd Andrey Hristov, Ulf Wendel, Georg Richter, Johannes Schlüter
OCI8 Stig Bakken, Thies C. Arntzen, Andy Sautins, David Benson, Maxim Maletsky, Harald Radi, Antony Dovgal, Andi Gutmans, Wez Furlong, Christopher Jones, Oracle Corporation
ODBC driver for PDO Wez Furlong
ODBC Stig Bakken, Andreas Karajannis, Frank M. Kromann, Daniel R. Kalowsky
Opcache Andi Gutmans, Zeev Suraski, Stanislav Malyshev, Dmitry Stogov, Xinchen Hui
OpenSSL Stig Venaas, Wez Furlong, Sascha Kettler, Scott MacVicar, Eliot Lear
Oracle (OCI) driver for PDO Wez Furlong
pcntl Jason Greene, Arnaud Le Blanc
Perl Compatible Regexps Andrei Zmievski
PHP Archive Gregory Beaver, Marcus Boerger
PHP Data Objects Wez Furlong, Marcus Boerger, Sterling Hughes, George Schlossnagle, Ilia Alshanetsky
PHP hash Sara Golemon, Rasmus Lerdorf, Stefan Esser, Michael Wallner, Scott MacVicar
Posix Kristian Koehntopp
PostgreSQL driver for PDO Edin Kadribasic, Ilia Alshanetsky
PostgreSQL Jouni Ahto, Zeev Suraski, Yasuo Ohgaki, Chris Kings-Lynne
Pspell Vlad Krupin
Readline Thies C. Arntzen
Reflection Marcus Boerger, Timm Friebe, George Schlossnagle, Andrei Zmievski, Johannes Schlueter
Sessions Sascha Schumann, Andrei Zmievski
Shared Memory Operations Slava Poliakov, Ilia Alshanetsky
SimpleXML Sterling Hughes, Marcus Boerger, Rob Richards
SNMP Rasmus Lerdorf, Harrie Hazewinkel, Mike Jackson, Steven Lawrance, Johann Hanne, Boris Lytochkin
SOAP Brad Lafountain, Shane Caraveo, Dmitry Stogov
Sockets Chris Vandomelen, Sterling Hughes, Daniel Beulshausen, Jason Greene
Sodium Frank Denis
SPL Marcus Boerger, Etienne Kneuss
SQLite 3.x driver for PDO Wez Furlong
SQLite3 Scott MacVicar, Ilia Alshanetsky, Brad Dewar
System V Message based IPC Wez Furlong
System V Semaphores Tom May
System V Shared Memory Christian Cartus
tidy John Coggeshall, Ilia Alshanetsky
tokenizer Andrei Zmievski, Johannes Schlueter
XML Stig Bakken, Thies C. Arntzen, Sterling Hughes
XMLReader Rob Richards
XMLWriter Rob Richards, Pierre-Alain Joye
XSL Christian Stocker, Rob Richards
Zip Pierre-Alain Joye, Remi Collet
Zlib Rasmus Lerdorf, Stefan Roehrich, Zeev Suraski, Jade Nicoletti, Michael Wallner
PHP Documentation
Authors Mehdi Achour, Friedhelm Betz, Antony Dovgal, Nuno Lopes, Hannes Magnusson, Philip Olson, Georg Richter, Damien Seguy, Jakub Vrana, Adam Harvey
Editor Peter Cowburn
User Note Maintainers Daniel P. Brown, Thiago Henrique Pojda
Other Contributors Previously active authors, editors and other contributors are listed in the manual.
PHP Quality Assurance Team
Ilia Alshanetsky, Joerg Behrens, Antony Dovgal, Stefan Esser, Moriyoshi Koizumi, Magnus Maatta, Sebastian Nohn, Derick Rethans, Melvyn Sopacua, Pierre-Alain Joye, Dmitry Stogov, Felipe Pena, David Soria Parra, Stanislav Malyshev, Julien Pauli, Stephen Zarkos, Anatol Belski, Remi Collet, Ferenc Kovacs
Websites and Infrastructure team
PHP Websites Team Rasmus Lerdorf, Hannes Magnusson, Philip Olson, Lukas Kahwe Smith, Pierre-Alain Joye, Kalle Sommer Nielsen, Peter Cowburn, Adam Harvey, Ferenc Kovacs, Levi Morrison
Event Maintainers Damien Seguy, Daniel P. Brown
Network Infrastructure Daniel P. Brown
Windows Infrastructure Alex Schoenmaker
Debian Packaging
DEB.SURY.ORG, an Ondřej Surý project

PHP License

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the PHP License as published by the PHP Group and included in the distribution in the file: LICENSE

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

If you did not receive a copy of the PHP license, or have any questions about PHP licensing, please contact [email protected].

{"id":46202,"date":"2018-09-15T18:28:07","date_gmt":"2018-09-15T11:28:07","guid":{"rendered":"\/?p=46202"},"modified":"2023-03-27T16:57:17","modified_gmt":"2023-03-27T09:57:17","slug":"cac-cau-hoi-thuong-gap-ve-mo-hinh-trong-rau-sach-aquaponics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obi.vn\/cac-cau-hoi-thuong-gap-ve-mo-hinh-trong-rau-sach-aquaponics\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng rau s\u1ea1ch Aquaponics"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng rau s\u1ea1ch Aquaponics t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 n\u1ea3y sinh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eafc m\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecfi ai, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Obi.vn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p 10 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng \u201ctay m\u01a1\u201d v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng rau s\u1ea1ch Aquaponics<\/a>.<\/strong> Hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch cho b\u1ea1n trong gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 Aquaponics.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1c<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 1: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng rau s\u1ea1ch Aquaponics l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e1p:<\/strong> Aquaponics \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi hai t\u1eeb Aquaculture (nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n) v\u00e0 Hydroponics (th\u1ee7y canh) l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00e9p k\u00edn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a 3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng: c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1 v\u00e0 vi sinh v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Aquaponics l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 2: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng rau s\u1ea1ch Aquaponics ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ra sao?<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e1p:<\/strong> Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Aquaponics nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

-Th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho c\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Aquaponics. Khi c\u00e1 \u0103n th\u1ee9c \u0103n, b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i th\u00ec h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt gi\u00fap bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

-Hai lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Nitrosomonas v\u00e0 Nitrobacter. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00f3p m\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u00fap bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 th\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t nu\u00f4i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

-Vi khu\u1ea9n nitrifying tham gia v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Aquaponics v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 gi\u00fap bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i amonia c\u00f3 trong ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa c\u00e1 th\u00e0nh nitrit. Nitrit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh nitrat – m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng nit\u01a1 m\u00e0 rau c\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3 d\u1ec5 h\u1ea5p thu. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nu\u00f4i th\u00ec bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n compost c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ed1t cho rau c\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

-C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i cho h\u1ed3 c\u00e1 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 3: C\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i Aquaponics?<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e1p:<\/strong> C\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i Aquaponics ph\u00e2n chia theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u (DWC)<\/h3>\n

Ph\u1ea1m vi: \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng cho tr\u1ed3ng rau tr\u1ed9n hay c\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng cao. \u0110\u00f4i khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng rau s\u1ea1ch theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 b\u1ecdt n\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc (n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i c\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i r\u1eafn). Ti\u1ebfp sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 trong chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 n\u00e0y sao cho r\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do trong n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 oxy c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khay gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

Ph\u1ea1m vi: \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng d\u1ef1a theo s\u1edf th\u00edch: c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3, rau \u0103n l\u00e1, th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c, \u2026<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng rau th\u1ee7y canh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c khay gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9 C ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn s\u00e9t. V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ea5t. B\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc c\u01a1 (lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i r\u1eafn) ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00e2ng ng\u1eadp x\u1ea3 c\u1ea1n nh\u1edd trong m\u1ed7i khay rau c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (NFT)<\/h3>\n

Ph\u1ea1m vi: \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c, d\u00e2u t\u00e2y \u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 treo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00ec c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1ng h\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng nh\u1ef1a PVC ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. V\u1edbi m\u00e1ng h\u1eb9p n\u00e0y, d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t s\u1ebd ch\u1ea3y trong m\u00e1ng. C\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 khoan s\u1eb5n trong \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o sao cho ph\u1ea7n r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00ed canh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n

Ph\u1ea1m vi: \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng cho rau \u0103n l\u00e1, d\u00e2u t\u00e2y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u00edt c\u1ea7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng r\u1ecd tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00fang l\u00ean nhau theo d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1p th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. Ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m ch\u1ea3y qua ch\u00fang v\u00e0 r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p thu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t, oxi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 c\u00e1 ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i 4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00e2ng ng\u1eadp x\u1ea3 c\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3. V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m x\u1ed1p gi\u1eef r\u1ecd c\u00e2y ph\u00eda tr\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo l\u01a1 l\u1eedng trong khay rau. R\u1ec5 c\u00e2y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 oxy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00e2ng ng\u1eadp v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 c\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 4: K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec3 c\u00e1 bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng rau s\u1ea1ch Aquaponics?<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e1p:<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec3 c\u00e1 bao nhi\u00eau c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho c\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh theo lo\u1ea1i Aquaponics n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eeba li\u1ec7t k\u00ea b\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec3 c\u00e1 cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

-\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khay gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3, canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u v\u00e0 d\u00e2ng ng\u1eadp x\u1ea3 c\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3: Do c\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p oxy v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn b\u1ec3 c\u00e1 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn. Khi \u0111\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi b\u01a1m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khay tr\u1ed3ng rau \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ec3 c\u00e1 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 c\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

-\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 2 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed canh: Do n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i l\u01b0u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn b\u1ec3 c\u00e1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc to l\u00e0m g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 5: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng rau s\u1ea1ch Aquaponics c\u1ea7n c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e1p:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng v\u1ed1n quan tr\u1ecdng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i. \u1ede m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng rau s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Aquaponics th\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f2n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng rau khi thu ho\u1ea1ch. T\u00f9y v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ea1n tr\u1ed3ng, c\u00f9ng 1 lo\u1ea1i rau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ra s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. V\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eafng th\u00ec s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y g\u1ea5p t\u1eeb 3-4 l\u1ea7n c\u00e2y \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed thi\u1ebfu n\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng cho m\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng rau s\u1ea1ch Aquaponics l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau do n\u00f3 c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y b\u1ea1n tr\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u1edf h\u1ec7 aquaponics c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 s\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay ban c\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 che ch\u1eafn cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m nh\u1ef1a trong ph\u00eda b\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea3n s\u00e1ng n\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y, rau th\u1ee7y canh \u01b0a b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 6: Rau tr\u1ed3ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Aquaponics c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb th\u1eeba nitrate v\u00e0 d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ?<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e1p:<\/strong> Rau tr\u1ed3ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Aquaponics kh\u00f4ng<\/strong> c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb th\u1eeba nitrate v\u00e0 d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, v\u00ec:<\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng rau s\u1ea1ch Aquaponics t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, \u2026 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n n\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a rau c\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

-\u0110\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng: Do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung ph\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9 C \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

-Ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc: Ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

-Ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e2n an to\u00e0n cho rau tr\u1ed3ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00e9p k\u00edn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u00ean c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a rau c\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

-Th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho c\u00e1: Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m th\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho c\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u1eb5n (lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng hay kh\u00e1ng sinh).<\/p>\n

-L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Aquaponics \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 n\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3i, b\u1ee5i hay thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 7: N\u1ebfu trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng rau s\u1ea1ch Aquaponics thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf th\u00eam ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e1p:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng rau s\u1ea1ch Aquaponics thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00ec KH\u00d4NG th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf th\u00eam ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, Aquaponics l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00e9p k\u00edn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a 3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00e1, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 vi sinh v\u1eadt. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u00fap c\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ed9ng sinh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00eam ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1 s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft. Khi c\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 8: N\u1ebfu m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng rau s\u1ea1ch Aquaponics b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec b\u1ed5 sung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e1p:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi h\u1ec7 Aquaponics v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed5 sung. L\u01b0u \u00fd, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1edf d\u1ea1ng h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m b\u1ed5 sung nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 6 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00ec sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n sinh c\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 9: C\u00e1 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean cho \u0103n bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7?<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e1p:<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00ec l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n kh\u00e9p k\u00edn n\u00ean b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho c\u00e1 \u0103n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cho \u0103n t\u1eeb t\u1eeb khi n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y c\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tranh \u0111\u1edbp nhau \u0103n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 d\u01b0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho c\u00e1 v\u00e0o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1edfi c\u00e1 \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u amoniac th\u1ea3i ra s\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7 nitrate nhi\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft g\u00e2y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c khi\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt b\u1ecb \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n n\u00ean gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho c\u00e1 khi tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0a th\u1edbt. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y b\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho c\u00e1 l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n cho c\u00e1 \u0103n\/ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 10: L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng rau s\u1ea1ch Aquaponics ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e1p:<\/strong><\/p>\n

-H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c: N\u01b0\u1edbc trong, rau t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh, c\u00e1 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

-Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1:<\/p>\n